Objective: To investigate the antigen clearance time, time to symptom disappearance, and the association between them using immunofluorescence assay for dynamic monitoring of influenza virus antigen in children with influenza.
Methods: A total of 1 063 children suspected of influenza who visited the Hunan People's Hospital from March to April, 2016 were enrolled. The influenza A/B virus antigen detection kit (immunofluorescence assay) was used for influenza virus antigen detection. The children with positive results were given oseltamivir as the antiviral therapy and were asked to re-examine influenza virus antigen at 5, 5-7, and 7 days after onset.
Results: Of all children suspected of influenza, 560 (52.68%) had an influenza virus infection. A total of 215 children with influenza virus infection were followed up. The clearance rate of influenza virus antigen was 9.8% (21 cases) within 5 days after onset. The cumulative clearance rate of influenza virus antigen was 32.1% (69 cases) within 5-7 days, and 98.1% (211 cases) within 7-10 days after onset. Among these children, 6 children (2.8%) achieved the improvement in clinical symptoms within 3 days after onset. The cumulative rate of symptom improvement was 84.7% (182 cases) within 3-5 days after onset, and 100% achieved the improvement after 5 days of onset.
Conclusions: The time to improvement in symptoms after treatment is earlier than antigen clearance time. Almost all of the children achieve influenza virus antigen clearance 7-10 days after onset. Therefore, it is relatively safe for children to go back to school within 7-10 days after onset when symptoms disappear.
目的: 通过免疫荧光抗原检测技术动态监测流感患儿流感病毒抗原，观察患儿抗原转阴时间和临床症状消失时间，以及两者之间的关系。
方法: 对2016年3~4月就诊于湖南省人民医院的1 063例疑似流感患儿运用甲乙型流感病毒抗原检测试剂盒（免疫荧光法）行流感病毒抗原检测，阳性者予以奥司他韦抗病毒治疗；并嘱咐患者起病后5 d内、5~7 d及7 d后3个时间段复查流感病毒抗原。
结果: 1 063例疑似流感病例中，流感病毒检出560例（52.68%）。对215例流感病毒阳性患儿进行随访，起病5 d内流感病毒抗原转阴率为9.8%（21例），5~7 d内累积转阴率为32.1%（69例），7~10 d累积转阴率为98.1%（211例）；起病3 d内临床症状改善率为2.8%（6例），3~5 d临床症状改善累积率为84.7%（182例），5 d后所有患儿临床症状均得到改善。
结论: 流感患儿经治疗临床症状改善时间早于抗原消失时间；起病7~10 d后流感病毒抗原近100%转阴，推测患儿在起病7~10 d、临床症状消失后返校是相对安全的。