Effects of hot-water extracts from Ganoderma lucidum residues and solid-state fermentation residues on prebiotic and immune-stimulatory activities in vitro and the powdered residues used as broiler feed additives in vivo

Yuh-Hwa Liu; Yin-Shiou Lin; Kuan-Ling Lin; Yeh-Lin Lu; Chao-Hsiang Chen; Mei-Yin Chien; Huey-Fang Shang; Shyr-Yi Lin; Wen-Chi Hou

doi:10.1186/s40529-015-0097-3

Effects of hot-water extracts from Ganoderma lucidum residues and solid-state fermentation residues on prebiotic and immune-stimulatory activities in vitro and the powdered residues used as broiler feed additives in vivo

Bot Stud. 2015 Dec;56(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s40529-015-0097-3. Epub 2015 Jul 4.

Authors

Yuh-Hwa Liu^{1

2}, Yin-Shiou Lin³, Kuan-Ling Lin³, Yeh-Lin Lu⁴, Chao-Hsiang Chen^{3

5}, Mei-Yin Chien⁵, Huey-Fang Shang⁶, Shyr-Yi Lin⁷, Wen-Chi Hou⁸

Affiliations

¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
² Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁵ Ko Da Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. sylin@tmu.edu.tw.
⁸ Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. wchou@tmu.edu.tw.

Abstract

Background: Large amounts of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) commercial products are provided in the worldwide market such as powders, tea bags, or capsules as dietary supplements which contained triterpenoids and/or polysaccharides. Therefore, it was estimated that several thousand tons of GL residues (GLR) are produced and discarded. For recycling uses, the aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of two hot-water extracts from GLR (HWP_GLR) and solid-state fermentation GLR inoculated with GL mycelia (HWP_GLRF) on the growths of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum. The RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate the effects of HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF on nitric oxide productions, phagocytic activities against FITC-labeled E. coli, and to lower lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding capacities. The powders of GLR and GLRF were used as additives in the commercial feeds for feeding broiler chicks in vivo to evaluate the immune-stimulatory and prebiotic activities.

Results: HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF with molecular size 5 to 8 kDa were showed to stimulate growths of L. rhamnosus and B. longum. It was found that in the presence of polymyxin B HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF could stimulate nitric oxide productions, elevate phagocytic activities against FITC-labeled E. coli, and to lower lipopolysaccharide-binding capacities in RAW264.7 cells. The broiler chicks were selected for feedings in vivo. The 1-day-old chicks were fed commercial feeds for 1 week, and then were fed without or with 4 or 8 % of GLR and GLRF additives for 3 weeks. There was no significant weight difference among feeding groups. However, the phagocytosis and natural killer cytotoxicity in the peripheral bloods, and prebiotic activities of bifidobacteria in feces of GLR and/or GLRF groups were significantly different compared to the control (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The GLR, GLRF, and their hot-water extracts with beneficial activities could be processed as feed additives which could increase the waste-recycling.

Keywords: Arbor Acres broiler chicks; Ganoderma lucidum residues (GLR); Natural killer cytotoxicity; Phagocytic; Prebiotic activity; Probiotics.