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. 2017 Mar;54(2):157-174.
doi: 10.1177/0022343316680859. Epub 2017 Jan 1.

Canaries in a coal-mine? What the killings of journalists tell us about future repression

Anita R Gohdes  1 , Sabine C Carey  2
Affiliations

Canaries in a coal-mine? What the killings of journalists tell us about future repression

Anita R Gohdes et al. J Peace Res. 2017 Mar.

Abstract

An independent press that is free from government censorship is regarded as instrumental to ensuring human rights protection. Yet governments across the globe often target journalists when their reports seem to offend them or contradict their policies. Can the government's infringements of the rights of journalists tell us anything about its wider human rights agenda? The killing of a journalist is a sign of deteriorating respect for human rights. If a government orders the killing of a journalist, it is willing to use extreme measures to eliminate the threat posed by the uncontrolled flow of information. If non-state actors murder journalists, it reflects insecurity, which can lead to a backlash by the government, again triggering state-sponsored repression. To test the argument whether the killing of journalists is a precursor to increasing repression, we introduce a new global dataset on killings of journalists between 2002 and 2013 that uses three different sources that track such events across the world. The new data show that mostly local journalists are targeted and that in most cases the perpetrators remain unconfirmed. Particularly in countries with limited repression, human rights conditions are likely to deteriorate in the two years following the killing of a journalist. When journalists are killed, human rights conditions are unlikely to improve where standard models of human rights would expect an improvement. Our research underlines the importance of taking the treatment of journalists seriously, not only because failure to do so endangers their lives and limits our understanding of events on the ground, but also because their physical safety is an important precursor of more repression in the future.

Keywords: human rights; journalists; political violence; press freedom; repression.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Number of journalists reported killed between 2002 and 2013
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Number of journalists killed, by repression level, and whether there was an armed conflict in the same year (2002–13)
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Journalists killed in and outside of conflict years, 2002–13
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Changes in predicted probabilities when moving from no journalists to 1–4, 5–9, and 10 or more journalists killed in the year before
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Rank probability scores for different models
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