Caustic ingestion in children-A review

Semin Pediatr Surg. 2017 Apr;26(2):95-104. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Abstract

Various domestic or industrial chemicals may cause significant upper aerodigestive tract burns. Preventive measures should be up-scaled, especially in the developing world, to reduce the epidemic of accidental victims, largely unsupervised preschool children. External signs do not predict degree of injury. Non-invasive diagnostic screening includes radio-nuclear imaging, but early oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy remains the standard to predict stricture formation from circumferential submucosal scarring. Serial dilation is the mainstay of oesophageal stricture therapy, with oesophageal replacement reserved for severe refractory strictures. Intra-lesional steroid or mitomycin C may decrease the dilatations required for severe strictures, although long-term effects are unknown. Risk of secondary oesophageal carcinoma mandates long-term surveillance.

Keywords: Caustic ingestion; Corrosive; Oesophageal stricture; Paediatric.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Burns, Chemical / drug therapy
  • Burns, Chemical / surgery
  • Burns, Chemical / therapy*
  • Caustics / toxicity*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Esophageal Stenosis / drug therapy
  • Esophageal Stenosis / etiology
  • Esophageal Stenosis / surgery
  • Esophageal Stenosis / therapy*
  • Humans

Substances

  • Caustics