Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 May;139(5):e20164244.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-4244. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Deaths: 2010-2014

Brendan Flannery  1 , Sue B Reynolds  2 , Lenee Blanton  2 , Tammy A Santibanez  3 , Alissa O'Halloran  3 , Peng-Jun Lu  3 , Jufu Chen  2 , Ivo M Foppa  2 , Paul Gargiullo  2 , Joseph Bresee  2 , James A Singleton  3 , Alicia M Fry  2
Affiliations

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Deaths: 2010-2014

Brendan Flannery et al. Pediatrics. 2017 May.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric deaths since 2004 has shown that most deaths occur in unvaccinated children. We assessed whether influenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza-associated death in children and adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a case-cohort analysis comparing vaccination uptake among laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric deaths with estimated vaccination coverage among pediatric cohorts in the United States. Case vaccination and high-risk status were determined by case investigation. Influenza vaccination coverage estimates were obtained from national survey data or a national insurance claims database. We estimated odds ratios from logistic regression comparing odds of vaccination among cases with odds of vaccination in comparison cohorts. We used Bayesian methods to compute 95% credible intervals (CIs) for vaccine effectiveness (VE), calculated as (1 - odds ratio) × 100.

Results: From July 2010 through June 2014, 358 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported among children aged 6 months through 17 years. Vaccination status was determined for 291 deaths; 75 (26%) received vaccine before illness onset. Average vaccination coverage in survey cohorts was 48%. Overall VE against death was 65% (95% CI, 54% to 74%). Among 153 deaths in children with underlying high-risk medical conditions, 47 (31%) were vaccinated. VE among children with high-risk conditions was 51% (95% CI, 31% to 67%), compared with 65% (95% CI, 47% to 78%) among children without high-risk conditions.

Conclusions: Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric death. Increasing influenza vaccination could prevent influenza-associated deaths among children and adolescents.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure
Figure. Comparison of Vaccination Coverage Among Influenza-Associated Pediatric Deaths and Comparison Cohorts During Four Influenza Seasons, According to Month of Death
Note: Number of deaths shown in parentheses. Coverage estimates for comparison cohorts correspond to month preceding case illness onset.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Grohskopf L, Sokolow L, Broder K. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65(RR-5):1–54. - PubMed
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza Associated Pediatric Mortality. Available at http://gis.cdc.gov/GRASP/Fluview/PedFluDeath.html. Published 2016. Accessed November 9, 2016.
    1. Wong KK, Jain S, Blanton L, Dhara R, Brammer L, Fry AM, et al. Influenza-associated pediatric deaths in the United States, 2004-2012. Pediatrics. 2013;132(5):796–804. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Thompson M, Shay D, Zhou H, Bridges C, Cheng P, Burns E, et al. Updated Estimates of Mortality Associated with Seasonal Influenza through the 2006-2007 Influenza Season. MMWR. 2010;59(33):1057–1062. - PubMed
    1. Thompson WW, Comanor L, Shay DK. Epidemiology of seasonal influenza: use of surveillance data and statistical models to estimate the burden of disease. J Infect Dis. 2006;194(Suppl 2):S82–91. - PubMed

Substances