Concurrent chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in elderly patients with bladder cancer undergoing radiotherapy

Cancer. 2017 Sep 15;123(18):3524-3531. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30719. Epub 2017 Jun 5.

Abstract

Background: The current study was conducted to compare the overall survival (OS) of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone in elderly patients (those aged ≥80 years) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Methods: Patients aged ≥80 years with cT2-4, N0-3, M0 transitional cell MIBC who were treated with curative RT (60-70 Gray) or CCRT were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. Univariable and multivariable frailty survival analyses, as well as 1-to-1 propensity score matching, were used to isolate the association between CCRT and OS.

Results: A total of 1369 patients who were treated with RT from 2004 through 2013 met eligibility criteria: 739 patients (54%) received RT alone and 630 patients (46%) received CCRT. The median age of the patients was 84 years (range, 80-90 years). The median follow-up was 21 months. The 2-year OS rate was 48%. When comparing CCRT with RT alone, the 2-year OS rate was 56% versus 42% (P<.0001), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that CCRT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65-0.84 [P<.0001]) and a higher RT dose (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90 [P<.001]) were associated with improved OS. T4 disease was associated with worse OS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15-1.76 [P = .001]). After using 1-to-1 propensity score matching, there remained an OS benefit for the use of CCRT (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90 [P<.001]).

Conclusions: CCRT is associated with improved OS compared with the use of RT alone in elderly patients with MIBC, independent of Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, suggesting that CCRT should be used in this population. Cancer 2017;123:3524-31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Keywords: National Cancer Data Base (NCDB); bladder cancer; bladder preservation therapy; chemoradiotherapy; muscle-invasive; radiotherapy; trimodality therapy.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy*
  • Chemoradiotherapy / methods*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Databases, Factual
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Geriatric Assessment
  • Humans
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Male
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Organ Sparing Treatments
  • Prognosis
  • Propensity Score
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Radiotherapy / methods
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Survival Analysis
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / pathology
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / therapy*