Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

Alin Gherasim; Iván Martínez-Baz; Jesús Castilla; Francisco Pozo; Amparo Larrauri; cycEVA working group

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179160

Effect of previous and current vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B during the post-pandemic period 2010-2016 in Spain

PLoS One. 2017 Jun 14;12(6):e0179160. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179160. eCollection 2017.

Authors

Alin Gherasim¹, Iván Martínez-Baz^{2

3}, Jesús Castilla^{2

3}, Francisco Pozo⁴, Amparo Larrauri^{1

3}; cycEVA working group

Affiliations

¹ National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
² Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, IdiSNA-Navarra Institute of Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
³ CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
⁴ National Centre of Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.

Abstract

Background: Recent studies suggest that the protective effect of the current influenza vaccine could be influenced by vaccination in previous seasons. We estimated the combined effect of the previous and current influenza vaccines from the 2010-2011 season to the 2015-2016 season in Spain.

Methods: We performed a test-negative case-control study in patients ≥9 years old. We estimated the influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B virus.

Results: We included 1206 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 1358 A(H3N2) cases and 1079 B cases. IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the pooled-season analysis was 53% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21% to 72%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 50% (95%CI: 23% to 68%) for those vaccinated in the both current and previous seasons. Against the influenza A(H3N2) virus, IVE was 17% (95%CI: -43% to 52%) for those vaccinated only in the current season and 3% (95%CI: -33% to 28%) for those vaccinated in both seasons. Regarding influenza B, we obtained similar IVEs for those vaccinated only in the current and those vaccinated in both seasons: 57% (95%CI: 12% to 79%) and 56% (95%CI: 36% to 70%), respectively.

Conclusion: Our results suggested no interference between the previous and current influenza vaccines against A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, but a possible negative interference against A(H3N2) virus.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Case-Control Studies
Child
Female
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / drug effects*
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / drug effects*
Influenza B virus / drug effects*
Influenza Vaccines / pharmacology
Influenza Vaccines / therapeutic use*
Influenza, Human / epidemiology
Influenza, Human / prevention & control*
Male
Middle Aged
Seasons
Sentinel Surveillance
Spain
Young Adult

Substances

Influenza Vaccines

Grants and funding

This study was funded by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission (I-MOVE-plus, EU 634446) and by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (I-MOVE, ECDC tender OJ/16/07/2014-Proc/2014/024).