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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2017 Jun 14;12(6):e0179430.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179430. eCollection 2017.

The effects of high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC on cognitive control in young healthy participants

Yanmin Li  1   2 , Lin Wang  1 , Meng Jia  1 , Jihong Guo  3 , Huijun Wang  3 , Mingwei Wang  1   2
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Randomized Controlled Trial

The effects of high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC on cognitive control in young healthy participants

Yanmin Li et al. PLoS One. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

A large body of evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is clinically effective in treating neuropsychiatric disorders and multiple sessions are commonly used. However, it is unknown whether multiple sessions of rTMS improve cognitive control, which is a function of the neural circuitry of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-cingulate cortex in healthy individuals. In addition, it is still unclear which stages of neural processing are altered by rTMS. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-frequency rTMS on cognitive control and explored the time course changes of cognitive processing after rTMS using event-related potentials (ERPs). For seven consecutive days, 25 young healthy participants underwent one 10-Hz rTMS session per day in which stimulation was applied over the left DLPFC, and a homogeneous participant group of 25 individuals received a sham rTMS treatment. A Stroop task was performed, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The results revealed that multiple sessions of rTMS can decrease reaction time (RTs) under both congruent and incongruent conditions and also increased the amplitudes of both N2 and N450 compared with sham rTMS. The negative correlations between the mean amplitudes of both N2 and N450 and the RTs were found, however, the latter correlation were restricted to incongruent trials and the correlation was enhanced significantly by rTMS. This observation supports the view that high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC can not only recruit more neural resources from the prefrontal cortex by inducing an electrophysiologically excitatory effect but also enhance efficiency of resources to deploy for conflict resolution during multiple stages of cognitive control processing in healthy young people.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The Experimental Design Flow Chart of the study.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The grand-average N2 and N450 waveforms and their scalp distributions in the two groups.
A: The grand-average N2 and N450 waveforms under two conditions (congruent, incongruent) at two time points (T1, T2) in the rTMS group and sham rTMS group. The gray areas represent the time windows of the measured mean amplitudes of N2 (190–330 ms) and N450 (380–480 ms). B: The scalp distributions of N2. C: The scalp distributions of N450.
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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Project of Special Foundation for National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB535005), Key medical Program of Hebei Province (zd2013079) and Spark Program for Young Scholar of The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University (XH201705). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.