Cutaneous Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment

Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018 Feb;19(1):33-50. doi: 10.1007/s40257-017-0306-9.

Abstract

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an immunological reaction and a frequent complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is associated with high mortality rates and may have a significant negative impact on the patient's quality of life, particularly in the chronic-stage setting. Many different organs can be involved, which leads to a wide range of clinical manifestations. In this context, dermatologists play a key role by diagnosing and treating GVHD from the outset since cutaneous features are not just the most common but are also usually the presenting sign. Several skin-direct therapies are available and may be indicated as monotherapy or adjuvant treatment in order to allow faster tapering and withdrawal of systemic immunosuppression. Treatment of steroid-refractory patients remains a challenge and, to date, no consensus has been reached for one single agent in second-line therapy. This article aims to review skin involvement as well as provide and update discussion on therapeutic options for both acute and chronic cutaneous GVHD.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease / therapy
  • Administration, Cutaneous
  • Administration, Intravenous
  • Administration, Oral
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Chronic Disease / therapy
  • Dermatologic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use
  • Graft vs Host Disease / diagnosis
  • Graft vs Host Disease / immunology
  • Graft vs Host Disease / mortality
  • Graft vs Host Disease / therapy*
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppression Therapy / methods*
  • Quality of Life
  • Skin / immunology
  • Skin Diseases / diagnosis
  • Skin Diseases / immunology
  • Skin Diseases / mortality
  • Skin Diseases / therapy*

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Dermatologic Agents
  • Glucocorticoids