A possible origin population of pathogenic intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis, unveiled by molecular phylogeny

Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 7;7(1):4844. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05049-x.

Abstract

Humans and dogs are the two major hosts of Strongyloides stercoralis, an intestinal parasitic nematode. To better understand the phylogenetic relationships among S. stercoralis isolates infecting humans and dogs and to assess the zoonotic potential of this parasite, we analyzed mitochondrial Cox1, nuclear 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and a major sperm protein domain-containing protein genes. Overall, our analyses indicated the presence of two distinct lineages of S. stercoralis (referred to as type A and type B). While type A parasites were isolated both from humans and dogs in different countries, type B parasites were found exclusively in dogs, indicating that the type B has not adapted to infect humans. These epidemiological data, together with the close phylogenetic relationship of S. stercoralis with S. procyonis, a Strongyloides parasite of raccoons, possibly indicates that S. stercoralis originally evolved as a canid parasite, and later spread into humans. The inability to infect humans might be an ancestral character of this species and the type B might be surmised to be an origin population from which human-infecting strains are derived.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cluster Analysis
  • DNA, Helminth / chemistry
  • DNA, Helminth / genetics
  • DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
  • DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
  • Dog Diseases / parasitology*
  • Dog Diseases / transmission
  • Dogs
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / genetics
  • Genotype
  • Helminthiasis / parasitology*
  • Helminthiasis / transmission
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / parasitology*
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / transmission
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / veterinary*
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Phylogeny*
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / genetics
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Strongyloides stercoralis / classification*
  • Strongyloides stercoralis / genetics
  • Strongyloides stercoralis / isolation & purification
  • Strongyloidiasis / parasitology*
  • Strongyloidiasis / transmission
  • Strongyloidiasis / veterinary*
  • Zoonoses / parasitology
  • Zoonoses / transmission

Substances

  • DNA, Helminth
  • DNA, Ribosomal
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
  • Electron Transport Complex IV

Supplementary concepts

  • Intestinal helminthiasis