Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy

Affiliations

• ¹ Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: ratun@hsph.harvard.edu.
• ² Centre for Global Health, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Education Campus, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa.
• ³ University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁴ Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu, South Africa.
• ⁵ Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ⁶ Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁷ Division of Diabetic Medicine & Endocrinology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁸ Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
• ⁹ Department of NCD Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; NCD Theme, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
• ¹⁰ International Diabetes Federation Life for a Child Program, Glebe, NSW, Australia; Diabetes NSW & ACT, Glebe, NSW, Australia.
• ¹¹ Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
• ¹² Department of Medicine, and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
• ¹³ University of Newcastle at Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
• ¹⁴ Sheffield Teaching Hospitals and University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
• ¹⁵ Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
• ¹⁶ Center for Population Health Sciences and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
• ¹⁷ University of Goettingen, Centre for Modern Indian Studies & Department of Economics, Goettingen, Germany.
• ¹⁸ Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁹ Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁰ Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; University of Goettingen, Centre for Modern Indian Studies & Department of Economics, Goettingen, Germany.
• ²¹ Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, and Abbas Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
• ²² School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
• ²³ NGO Santé Diabète, Bamako, Mali.
• ²⁴ Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
• ²⁵ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
• ²⁶ International Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
• ²⁷ Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi.
• ²⁸ Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ²⁹ The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
• ³⁰ Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana and Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
• ³¹ The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
• ³² Rwanda Diabetes Association, Kigali, Rwanda.
• ³³ Leiden University, Science Based Business, Leiden, Netherlands.
• ³⁴ Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³⁵ Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
• ³⁶ Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ³⁷ Clinique Médicale II, Centre de diabétologie Marc Sankale, Hôpital Abass Ndao, Dakar, Senegal.
• ³⁸ The Institute of HIV/AIDS, Disease Prevention & Control, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
• ³⁹ Ministry of Health, Government of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
• ⁴⁰ Kenya Ministry of Health, Division of Non-communicable diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
• ⁴¹ Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Uasin Gishu, Kenya.
• ⁴² Partners In Health, Rwinkwavu, South Kayonza, Rwanda.
• ⁴³ Purdue University College of Pharmacy (Purdue Kenya Partnership), Indiana Institute for Global Health, Uasin Gishu, Kenya.
• ⁴⁴ The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• ⁴⁶ Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁴⁷ University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Hôpital national du Mali, Bamako, Mali.
• ⁴⁹ Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
• ⁵⁰ Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.