Measuring working memory load effects on electrophysiological markers of attention orienting during a simulated drive

Ergonomics. 2018 Mar;61(3):429-443. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1353708. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Abstract

Intersection accidents result in a significant proportion of road fatalities, and attention allocation likely plays a role. Attention allocation may depend on (limited) working memory (WM) capacity. Driving is often combined with tasks increasing WM load, consequently impairing attention orienting. This study (n = 22) investigated WM load effects on event-related potentials (ERPs) related to attention orienting. A simulated driving environment allowed continuous lane-keeping measurement. Participants were asked to orient attention covertly towards the side indicated by an arrow, and to respond only to moving cars appearing on the attended side by pressing a button. WM load was manipulated using a concurrent memory task. ERPs showed typical attentional modulation (cue: contralateral negativity, LDAP; car: N1, P1, SN and P3) under low and high load conditions. With increased WM load, lane-keeping performance improved, while dual task performance degraded (memory task: increased error rate; orienting task: increased false alarms, smaller P3). Practitioner Summary: Intersection driver-support systems aim to improve traffic safety and flow. However, in-vehicle systems induce WM load, increasing the tendency to yield. Traffic flow reduces if drivers stop at inappropriate times, reducing the effectiveness of systems. Consequently, driver-support systems could include WM load measurement during driving in the development phase.

Keywords: Attention orienting; driving simulation; event-related potentials; working memory load.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Attention / physiology*
  • Automobile Driving*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Evoked Potentials*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Memory, Short-Term*
  • Reaction Time
  • Task Performance and Analysis
  • Workload*
  • Young Adult