When combined X-ray and polarized neutron diffraction data challenge high-level calculations: spin-resolved electron density of an organic radical

Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater. 2017 Aug 1;73(Pt 4):544-549. doi: 10.1107/S2052520617008241. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

Abstract

Joint refinement of X-ray and polarized neutron diffraction data has been carried out in order to determine charge and spin density distributions simultaneously in the nitronyl nitroxide (NN) free radical Nit(SMe)Ph. For comparison purposes, density functional theory (DFT) and complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) theoretical calculations were also performed. Experimentally derived charge and spin densities show significant differences between the two NO groups of the NN function that are not observed from DFT theoretical calculations. On the contrary, CASSCF calculations exhibit the same fine details as observed in spin-resolved joint refinement and a clear asymmetry between the two NO groups.

Keywords: DFT and CASSCF calculations; X-ray and polarized neutron diffraction; charge and spin densities; joint refinement; nitronyl nitroxide free radical.