Atypical Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Diagnosis and Proposal for an Expanded Treatment Algorithm: A Case Report

A A Case Rep. 2017 Dec 15;9(12):339-343. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000610.

Abstract

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in the absence of an elevated creatine kinase is atypical and more difficult to diagnose. We present a patient with NMS significant risk factors who developed atypical NMS 6 days after a liver transplant. Symptoms of hyperthermia, altered mental status, dyskinesia, and autonomic instability (hypertension and tachycardia) coincided with promethazine administration, with rapid progression to fulminant NMS with lead pipe rigidity after a single injection of intramuscular ziprasidone. Rapid diagnosis and management resulted in full patient recovery. Differential diagnoses for NMS are discussed and a treatment algorithm is proposed.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / etiology
  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / therapy