Soft Tissue Tumors of Uncertain Histogenesis: A Review for Dermatopathologists

Abstract

The mesenchymal tumors discussed herein represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with distinctive morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features. These uncommon tumors often arise in the dermis and subcutis and can pose a major diagnostic challenge to dermatopathologists because they closely mimic melanoma, carcinoma, fibrous histiocytoma, schwannoma, or granulomatous inflammation. This article reviews the clinical presentation, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and diagnostic pitfalls of epithelioid sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor, and hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor. Associated molecular genetic findings are also briefly reviewed with an emphasis on their diagnostic usefulness.

Keywords: Clear cell sarcoma; Epithelioid sarcoma; Hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor (HFLT); Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT); PEComa; Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT).