Allergic contact dermatitis caused by isobornyl acrylate in Freestyle® Libre, a newly introduced glucose sensor

Abstract

Background: Glucose sensors, such as FreeStyle® Libre, are innovative medical devices developed for diabetes patients as a replacement for classic glucose meters, ensuring continuous glucose monitoring without the disadvantage of regular skin finger pricks.

Objectives: To report several cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by FreeStyle® Libre, and to report on isobornyl acrylate as a culprit allergen.

Patients and methods: Fifteen patients presented with allergic contact dermatitis caused by FreeStyle® Libre. All but 1 were patch tested with a baseline series, and with pieces and/or ultrasonic bath extracts of (the adhesive part of) the glucose sensor. Isobornyl acrylate was patch tested, in various concentrations and vehicles, in 13 patients. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the sensors was performed.

Results: All patients reacted to the adhesive part of the sensor, and 12 patients were shown to be sensitized to isobornyl acrylate. Simultaneous reactions to other allergens were rarely observed. GC-MS showed the presence of isobornyl acrylate in the sensors.

Conclusions: Cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by FreeStyle® Libre are increasingly being observed, and isobornyl acrylate is a relevant culprit allergen. Cross-reactivity to other acrylates was infrequently observed, but other, hitherto unidentified, contact allergens may still be present in the device.

Keywords: CAS no. 5888-33-5; FreeStyle® Libre; acrylates; adhesive; allergic contact dermatitis; diabetes mellitus; gas chromatography; glucose sensor; isobornyl acrylate; mass spectrometry; medical device; sesquiterpene lactone mix.