Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise as a late effect of chemotherapy and/or radiation administered for a primary condition, typically a malignant disease, solid organ transplant or autoimmune disease. Survival is measured in months, not years, making t-MN one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. In this Review, we discuss recent developments that reframe our understanding of the genetic and environmental aetiology of t-MN. Emerging data are illuminating who is at highest risk of developing t-MN, why t-MN are chemoresistant and how we may use this information to treat and ultimately prevent this lethal disease.
Publication types
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Review
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / adverse effects
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Bone Marrow Cells
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Chromosome Aberrations*
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Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
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Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
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Clone Cells / physiology
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Gene-Environment Interaction*
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Hematopoiesis
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Humans
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / etiology*
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Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / therapy
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Mutation
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes / etiology*
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes / therapy
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Neoplasms, Second Primary / etiology*
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Neoplasms, Second Primary / therapy
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Prognosis
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Radiation Exposure / adverse effects
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Risk Factors
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating