A galactomannoglucan derived from Agaricus brasiliensis: Purification, characterization and macrophage activation via MAPK and IκB/NFκB pathways

Food Chem. 2018 Jan 15:239:603-611. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.152. Epub 2017 Jun 29.

Abstract

In this study, a novel galactomannoglucan named as TJ2 was isolated from Agaricus brasiliensis with microwave extraction, macroporous resin, ion exchange resin and high resolution gel chromatography. TJ2 is composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in the ratio 99.2:0.2:0.6. Infrared spectra (IR), methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that TJ2 mainly contained a β-(1→3) - linked glucopyranosyl backbone. Interestingly, TJ2 significantly promoted RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and was able to activate the cells to engulf E. coli. In addition, TJ2 induced the expression of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in the cells. TJ2 also promoted the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, TJ2 is a potent inducer in activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (IκB)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) pathways.

Keywords: Agaricus brasiliensis; Immunoregulation; MAPK and IκB/NFκB pathways; Polysaccharide; RAW264.7 macrophage.

MeSH terms

  • Agaricus*
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • Escherichia coli
  • I-kappa B Proteins
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Macrophage Activation
  • NF-kappa B
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • I-kappa B Proteins
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • NF-kappa B
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Cyclooxygenase 2