Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Metabolomic, Biophysical, Biochemical, Electron Microscopic and Histopathological Characterization

Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 6;7(1):10721. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10817-w.

Abstract

Avascular necrosis of the femur head (AVNFH) is a debilitating disease caused due to the use of alcohol, steroids, following trauma or unclear (idiopathic) etiology, affecting mostly the middle aged population. Clinically AVNFH is associated with impaired blood supply to the femoral head resulting in bone necrosis and collapse. Although Homocysteine (HC) has been implicated in AVNFH, levels of homocysteine and its associated pathway metabolites have not been characterized. We demonstrate elevated levels of homocysteine and concomitantly reduced levels of vitamins B6 and B12, in plasma of AVNFH patients. AVNFH patients also had elevated blood levels of sodium and creatinine, and reduced levels of random glucose and haemoglobin. Biophysical and ultrastructural analysis of AVNFH bone revealed increased remodelling and reduced bone mineral density portrayed by increased carbonate to phosphate ratio and decreased Phosphate to amide ratio together with disrupted trabeculae, loss of osteocytes, presence of calcified marrow, and elevated expression of osteocalcin in the osteoblasts localized in necrotic regions. Taken together, our studies for the first time characterize the metabolomic, pathophysiological and morphometric changes associated with AVNFH providing insights for development of new markers and therapeutic strategies for this debilitating disorder.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers
  • Biophysical Phenomena
  • Biopsy
  • Bone Density
  • Bone Remodeling
  • Female
  • Femur Head / metabolism
  • Femur Head / pathology
  • Femur Head / ultrastructure
  • Femur Head Necrosis / diagnosis*
  • Femur Head Necrosis / etiology
  • Femur Head Necrosis / metabolism*
  • Histocytochemistry
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Metabolic Networks and Pathways
  • Metabolome*
  • Metabolomics / methods
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Middle Aged
  • Radiography
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers