Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multiple-Ascending-Dose Study

Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2017 Nov;6(6):592-603. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.378. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

Abstract

This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group multiple-ascending-dose study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride in healthy adults to inform dosage and design for a subsequent QT/QTc study. Healthy men and women, 18 to 45 years old (inclusive), were sequentially assigned to the tramadol 200, 400, or 600 mg/day treatment cohort and within each cohort, randomized (4:1) to either tramadol or placebo every 6 hours for 9 oral doses. Of the 24 participants randomized to tramadol (n = 8/cohort), 22 (91.7%) completed the study. The AUCtau,ss of tramadol increased approximately 2.2- and 3.6-fold for the (+) enantiomer and 2.0- and 3.5-fold for the (-) enantiomer with increasing dose from 200 to 400 and 600 mg/day, whereas the Cmax,ss increased 2.1- and 3.3-fold for the (+) enantiomer and 2.0- and 3.2-fold for the (-) enantiomer. Overall, 21 participants (87.5%) participants reported ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event; most frequent were nausea (17 of 24, 70.8%) and vomiting (7 of 24, 29.2%). Vomiting (affected participants and events) increased with increasing dose from 200 to 600 mg/day but was mild (5 of 24) or moderate (2 of 24) in severity. All tested dosage regimens of tramadol showed acceptable safety and tolerability profile for further investigation in a thorough QT/QTc study.

Keywords: QT/QTc study; multiple-ascending-dose study; pharmacokinetics; tolerability; tramadol.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage*
  • Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects
  • Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacokinetics
  • Area Under Curve
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nausea / chemically induced*
  • Nausea / epidemiology
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Tramadol / administration & dosage*
  • Tramadol / adverse effects
  • Tramadol / pharmacokinetics
  • Vomiting / chemically induced*
  • Vomiting / epidemiology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Tramadol