Distribution and function of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system

Channels (Austin). 2017 Nov 2;11(6):534-554. doi: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1380758. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

Abstract

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are the basic ion channels for neuronal excitability, which are crucial for the resting potential and the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons. To date, at least nine distinct sodium channel isoforms have been detected in the nervous system. Recent studies have identified that voltage-gated sodium channels not only play an essential role in the normal electrophysiological activities of neurons but also have a close relationship with neurological diseases. In this study, the latest research findings regarding the structure, type, distribution, and function of VGSCs in the nervous system and their relationship to neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, brain tumors, neural trauma, and multiple sclerosis, are reviewed in detail.

Keywords: function; nervous system; neurological diseases; voltage-gated sodium channel.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Neurons / metabolism*
  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels / metabolism*

Substances

  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels