L-glutamate-induced depolarization in solitary photoreceptors: a process that may contribute to the interaction between photoreceptors in situ

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5315-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.14.5315.

Abstract

L-Glutamate is a leading candidate for the vertebrate photoreceptor transmitter. In addition to the signal transmission to second-order neurons, photoreceptors communicate with each other not only electrically but also chemically. In the present study, by using solitary turtle photoreceptors, we examined the possibility that L-glutamate mediates interreceptor communication. L-Glutamate evoked an inward current in all subtypes of photoreceptors voltage-clamped to the resting potential. The highest glutamate sensitivity was located at the axon terminal. Both stereoisomers of aspartate were effective, whereas kainate, quisqualate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and D-glutamate were ineffective. The presence of Na+ was essential to response generation; even Li+ could not substitute for Na+. The relation between L-glutamate-induced current and the membrane voltage was strongly inward-rectifying. These results favor the hypothesis that the L-glutamate-induced response is generated by an electrogenic uptake carrier. However, L-glutamate-induced current was always accompanied by an increase in current fluctuations, a phenomenon commonly observed in ion channels but not expected for an uptake carrier. Although the underlying mechanism needs further elucidation, it seems likely that L-glutamate is a transmitter for communication between photoreceptors.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aspartic Acid / analogs & derivatives
  • Aspartic Acid / pharmacology
  • Axons / drug effects
  • Axons / physiology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Electric Conductivity
  • Glutamates / pharmacology*
  • Glutamic Acid
  • Kainic Acid / pharmacology
  • Kynurenic Acid / pharmacology
  • Membrane Potentials / drug effects
  • N-Methylaspartate
  • Oxadiazoles / pharmacology
  • Photoreceptor Cells / physiology*
  • Quisqualic Acid
  • Sodium / pharmacology
  • Turtles / physiology*

Substances

  • Glutamates
  • Oxadiazoles
  • Aspartic Acid
  • Glutamic Acid
  • N-Methylaspartate
  • Quisqualic Acid
  • Sodium
  • Kynurenic Acid
  • Kainic Acid