Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the main Ca2+ influx pathway in lymphocytes and is essential for T cell function and adaptive immunity. SOCE is mediated by Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels that are activated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2. SOCE regulates many Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules, including calcineurin, and inhibition of SOCE or calcineurin impairs antigen-dependent T cell proliferation. We here report that SOCE and calcineurin regulate cell cycle entry of quiescent T cells by controlling glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. SOCE directs the metabolic reprogramming of naive T cells by regulating the expression of glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, and metabolic regulators through the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and the PI3K-AKT kinase-mTOR nutrient-sensing pathway. We propose that SOCE controls a critical "metabolic checkpoint" at which T cells assess adequate nutrient supply to support clonal expansion and adaptive immune responses.
Keywords:
GLUT1; GLUT3; NFAT; ORAI1; SOCE; STIM1; STIM2; calcineurin; calcium; cell cycle; glycolysis; metabolism; mitochondria.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Calcineurin / immunology
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Calcineurin / metabolism
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Calcium / immunology*
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Calcium / metabolism
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Calcium Channels / immunology*
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Calcium Channels / metabolism
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Calcium Signaling / immunology*
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Cell Division / immunology
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Cells, Cultured
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Female
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Glycolysis / immunology
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HEK293 Cells
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Humans
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Immunoblotting
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Male
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Knockout
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Mice, Transgenic
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Microscopy, Confocal
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NFATC Transcription Factors / genetics
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NFATC Transcription Factors / immunology
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NFATC Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / immunology
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Signal Transduction / immunology
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 / genetics
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 / immunology
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 / metabolism
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 2 / genetics
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 2 / immunology
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 2 / metabolism
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
Substances
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Calcium Channels
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NFATC Transcription Factors
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 1
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Stromal Interaction Molecule 2
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
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Calcineurin
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Calcium