Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation After Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect in Adult Patients: Long-Term Follow-Up

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the fate of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure.

Background: Although TR frequently occurs in patients with ASD, the change in TR during long-term follow-up after ASD closure remains unknown.

Methods: A total of 419 adult patients who underwent transcatheter ASD closure were enrolled. TR severity was graded by TR jet area on echocardiography.

Results: At baseline, 113 patients had severe/moderate TR and 306 patients had mild TR. Among the 113 patients with severe/moderate TR, the TR jet area significantly decreased during a median follow-up of 30 months after the procedure; this decrease was related to the improvement in right ventricular morphology. The severity of TR decreased to mild in 79 (70%) patients. Persistent TR, defined as severe or moderate TR after the procedure, was independently associated with the prevalence of permanent atrial fibrillation. Regarding clinical outcomes, 7 patients with severe/moderate TR and 2 with mild TR were hospitalized because of heart failure. Patients with severe/moderate TR had the worse event-free survival rate than those with mild TR, but more than 90% of them had no cardiovascular events. New York Heart Association functional class and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels improved in patients with severe/moderate TR, similar to those with mild TR.

Conclusions: Significant TR decreased during the long-term follow-up period after transcatheter ASD closure. Heart failure symptoms improved in patients with severe/moderate TR. Our findings suggest that transcatheter closure alone can be valuable in patients with ASD complicated with TR.

Keywords: atrial septal defect; outcome; transcatheter closure; tricuspid regurgitation.