Screening has been proven to be effective for the control of colorectal cancer (CRC). The target of CRC screening is shifting from CRC to colorectal neoplasia (CN), the precursors of CRC. Based on the the latest national guideline, the Consensus of Screening for CRC and CN, and the recent research of precursors both at home and abroad. This paper summarizes the progress in the research of risk factors, risk prediction model, screening strategy optimization, colonoscopy quality control, sessile serrated adenoma identification and follow up as well as the recognition of precursors.
筛查可有效控制结直肠癌，而筛查工作的重心正由结直肠癌向癌前病变前移。本文围绕《中国早期结直肠癌及癌前病变筛查与诊治共识意见》（2014版），结合国内外最新的癌前病变研究进展，对相关危险因子、风险预测模型、筛查策略优化、肠镜质量控制、无蒂锯齿状腺瘤的识别和随访以及癌前病变认知状况等进行综述。.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Colorectal neoplasia; Knowledge; Risk factor; Risk prediction model; Screening; Surveillance.