Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of our simply designed trainer for junior urologists to acquire the initial skills for percutaneous renal access (PRA).
Subjects and methods: Three sponge sheets (60 × 50 × 10 cm) were arranged horizontally over each other. A rectangular groove was made in the middle sheet to accommodate an inflated balloon of a Foley catheter, radio-opaque metal balls, metal rings, or a plastic tube that were sequentially placed for the four training tasks. In each session, 18 trainees were asked to pass a fluoroscopically guided puncture needle from a surface point to the placed object in middle sheet. Clinical impact of training was evaluated by an experience survey on a 5-piont Likert scale (for model usefulness, tactile and fluoroscopic-guidance feedback) and success rate in further mentored practice.
Results: There was a gradual increase in tasks' and sessions' scores over the training sessions. According to the experience survey after first clinical practice, the mean (SD) score for overall model usefulness by trainees was 3.8 (0.9) with high fluoroscopic guidance reality [3.6 (1.1)] but poor tactile realism [2.3 (0.9)]. On mentored PRA, the success rate for trainees was 78.3%.
Conclusion: Our early evaluation showed our novel, cost-effective and reproducible sponge trainer could be an effective training model for PRA with a beneficial impact on subsequent clinical practice.
Keywords: Model validity; PCNL; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; PRA, percutaneous renal access; Percutaneous renal access (PRA); Training model; VR, virtual reality.