[Predictors of drug-resistant pathogens in community-onset pneumonia: Are factors considered in health-care-associated pneumonia useful in the emergency department?]

Emergencias. 2017 Oct;29(5):306-312.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze factors related to drug-resistant pathogens (DRPs) in community-onset pneumonia (COP) and whether previously suggested criteria are useful in our emergency-department.

Material and methods: Prospective 1-year study of adults coming to the emergency department for COP. We assessed the usefulness of criteria used in health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), as well the Shorr index, the Barthel index, and clinical suspicion of resistant pathogens. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results: We included 139 patients with a mean (SD) age of 75.9 (15.3) years; 63.3% were men. Forty-nine COP patients (35.2%) were at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia according to HCAP criteria; 43 (30.9%) according to the Shorr index, and 56 (40.3%) according to the Aliberti index. A score of less than 60 derived from the Barthel index was recorded for 25 patients (18%). Clinical suspicion of a DRP was recorded for 11 (7.9%). A DRP was isolated in 5 patients (3.6%) (3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified 2 predictors of DRP-caused COP: hospital admission within the last 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 8.92; 95% CI, 1.92-41.45) and initial arterial blood oxygen saturation (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.98). The AUC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98). The model identified 22 patients (16.8%) at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia. The positive and negative predictive values were 20% and 99.1%, respectively, for the model 90-day period (vs 8.7% and 98.9%, respectively, for criteria used in HCAP).

Conclusion: Hospitalization within the 90-day period before a COP emergency and arterial blood oxygen saturation were good predictors of DRP in our setting. Criteria of DRP in HCAP, on the other hand, had lower ability to identify patients at risk in COP.

Objetivo: Analizar en las neumonías de la comunidad diagnosticados en nuestro centro los predictores de etiología por patógenos resistentes (PR) y evaluar la utilidad de distintos criterios de riesgo de PR previamente sugeridos.

Metodo: Se estudiaron prospectivamente durante 1 año los pacientes adultos procedentes de la comunidad atendidos en el servicio de urgencias (SU) por neumonía. Se evaluaron los criterios definitorios de neumonía asociada al cuidado sanitario (NACS), así como los índices de Shorr, Aliberti y Barthel y el juicio clínico de PR. Se realizó regresión logística múltiple y se calculó el área bajo la curva receptor-operador (ABC-ROC).

Resultados: Se incluyeron 139 pacientes con una edad media de 75 (DE: 15,3) años, el 63,3% varones. Tenían riesgo de PR según los criterios de NACS 49 (35,2%), según el índice de Shorr 43 (30,9%) y según índice de Aliberti 56 (40,3%). Se encontró un I. Barthel < 60 en 25 enfermos (18%) y juicio clínico de PR en 11 (7,9%). Se aisló PR en el 3,6% (3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 2 Staphylococcus aureus meticilin resistentes). En el análisis multivariado fueron predictores de PR el haber ingresado en los 90 días previos, con una odds ratio (OR) de 8,92 [intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 1,92-41,45], y la saturación inicial de oxígeno, con una OR de 0,85 [IC 95%: 0,74-0,98] con ABC-ROC de 0,91 (IC 95%: 0,85-0,98). Nuestro modelo identificó 22 pacientes (16,8%) con riesgo de PR, con valor predictivo positivo y negativo del 20% y 99,1%, respectivamente, frente a un 8,7% y 98,9%, respectivamente para NACS.

Conclusiones: En las neumonías de nuestro centro el antecedente de ingreso en los 90 días previos junto con la saturación de oxígeno fueron buenos predictores de PR, mientras que los criterios de NACS tuvieron menor capacidad de discriminación.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Community-acquired infection; Curvas ROC; Estudios prospectivos; Factores de riesgo; Health-care–associated infection; Hipoxia; Hypoxia; Infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad; Infecciones asociadas al cuidado sanitario; Neumonía; Pneumonia; Prospective study; Receiver operating characteristic curve; Resistencia antibiótica; Risk factors.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Area Under Curve
  • Community-Acquired Infections / diagnosis
  • Community-Acquired Infections / microbiology*
  • Cross Infection / diagnosis
  • Cross Infection / microbiology
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial*
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification*
  • Middle Aged
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / diagnosis
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / microbiology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Pseudomonas Infections / diagnosis
  • Pseudomonas Infections / microbiology*
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / isolation & purification*
  • ROC Curve
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Staphylococcal Infections / diagnosis
  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology*
  • Young Adult