The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in direct and indirect effects of parental knowledge, family support, family conflict, and deviant peers on violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior among youngsters. The total sample was composed of 584 young people, 274 males and 310 females, aged 14 to 20 from High Schools of Galicia (NW Spain). The variables were assessed with different scales of the protocol Valoración del Riesgo en Adolescentes Infractores [Juvenile Offender's Risk Assessment]. Several structural equation models were conducted to clarify the relationships between these variables for males and females. The results showed a better fit for the mediated model. Significant direct effects were found for parental knowledge (β = -.35, p < .01, males; β = -.16, p < .05, females) and parental support (β = .26, p < .05, males) on nonviolent behavior. Significant direct effects were also found for parental knowledge (β = -.36, p < .05, males; β = -.42, p < .05, females) and parental support (β = .32, p < .05, males; β = .24, p < .05, females) on violent behavior. Not significant direct effects were found for family conflict. Moreover, significant indirect effects through deviant peers were found for knowledge (β = -.23, p < .01, males; β = -.21, p < .01, females), support (β = .20, p < .05, males; β = .21, p < .05, females), and conflict (β = .28, p < .01, males; β = .26, p < .05, females) on nonviolent behavior, as well as for knowledge (β = -.20, p < .01, males; β = -.10, p < .01, females), support (β = .18, p < .01, males; β = .10, p < .01, females), and conflict (β = .24, p < .05, males; β = .12, p < .01, females) on violent behavior. Thus, significant gender differences were found, specifically in the direct effects of family support on nonviolent antisocial behavior. The implications of these results for prevention of antisocial behaviors in youth based on gender differences are discussed.
Keywords: antisocial behavior; gender differences; parenting; peer group; youth.