Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in a rare case myasthenic crisis after Botox injection

Atheroscler Suppl. 2017 Nov:30:283-285. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.016. Epub 2017 May 31.

Abstract

Background and aims: Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections are used as a cosmetic treatment to decrease wrinkles in face and chin. Being a neurotoxic agent it minimizes muscle activity, while side effects are usually rare. This article subsequently presents one case of these rare effects.

Case: A 30-year-old woman presenting with ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia and muscle weakness was admitted to our hospital. She had no history of disease. For cosmetic reasons, she had three Botox injections during the preceding months. On physical examination, muscle weakness 4/5 (cervical extensor, ocular and pharynx) was detected and a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made. Protective artificial ventilation was necessary. As a consequence, eight sessions of 2.5 L volume Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) were applied using normal saline/albumin as substitute. Due to TPE, her muscle force and clinical condition improved. Artificial ventilation could be stopped.

Conclusions: Clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis and systemic Botox effects are very similar. This should be taken into consideration during medical history taking. The injection of high doses of Botox (more than 200 units in every injection) or boostering within less than one month is dangerous. (Botox BCC2024). Systemic side effects can be treated using TPE to lower the circulating dose of Botox.

Keywords: Blood component removal; Botulinum toxins; Myasthenia gravis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors / adverse effects*
  • Adult
  • Autoantibodies / blood
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / administration & dosage
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / adverse effects*
  • Botulism / blood
  • Botulism / chemically induced
  • Botulism / immunology
  • Botulism / therapy*
  • Cosmetic Techniques / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Injections, Subcutaneous
  • Myasthenia Gravis / blood
  • Myasthenia Gravis / complications
  • Myasthenia Gravis / immunology
  • Myasthenia Gravis / therapy*
  • Plasma Exchange*
  • Receptors, Nicotinic / immunology
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors
  • Autoantibodies
  • Biomarkers
  • Receptors, Nicotinic
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A