Factors influencing attitudes toward advance directives in Korean older adults

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to determine the factors influencing attitudes toward advance directives in Korean older adults with consideration of an Asian cultural background.

Methods: We recruited community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older at a regional senior welfare center in Korea. Demographic factors and mental and physical health status were examined using questionnaires and a physical examination. The questionnaire also assessed perceived necessity of advance directives and related experiences.

Results: Most participants (79.32%) agreed that advance directives were necessary. Older adults with high education levels (odds ratio [OR] 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-6.34), low economic status (OR 2.09, 95% C.I. 0.60-7.27), and poor cognitive function (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.10, 95% CI 0.89-4.97) had a greater odds of agreeing that advance directives are necessary. All participants with self-care problems (9/9) and most participants with at risk status of physical functioning (13/14) reported agreement. Death-related experiences were also associated. Notably, individuals who had discussions on end-of-life care with family members showed a greater odds of agreeing that advance directives are necessary (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 0.88-5.11).

Conclusions: The factors associated with increased agreement that advance directives are necessary were high education level, low economic status, poor cognitive function, problems in self-care, poor physical functioning, death-related experiences. Especially, discussions of end-of-life care with family members increased the agreement. Thus, discussion on end-of-life care should be encouraged and the factors influencing older adults' attitudes toward advance directives should be considered in developing policies for such discussion.

Keywords: Advance care planning; Advance directives; End-of-life; Family discussion; Personal experience.