Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a syndrome characterized by acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, organ failure, and high mortality. Clinical treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure included comprehensive medical treatment, artificial liver support system, and liver transplantation, but such methods have their own shortcomings and patients tend to have a poor prognosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a new type of cell therapy, have wide sources and are easy to extract and culture. Many studies have shown that MSC treatment not only helps to achieve a high survival rate, but also has good tolerability and safety; therefore, the clinical value of MSCs has become a hot research topic. This article reviews the clinical studies on acute-on-chronic liver failure, related mechanisms, and research advances, in order to provide a reference for future clinical trials and application.
慢加急性肝衰竭以慢性肝炎急性加重、器官衰竭及病死率高为特点。临床治疗如内科综合治疗、人工肝支持系统、肝移植各自均存在不同程度的缺陷，总体预后不佳。间充质干细胞（MSCs）作为一种新型细胞治疗，来源广泛，且提取、培养方便，多项研究显示MSCs治疗不仅获得了较高生存率，并且具有良好的耐受性和安全性，成为临床应用研究的热点。现就当前MSCs应用于慢加急性肝衰竭的临床研究、相关机制及研究进展进行阐述，以期为未来开展临床试验及应用提供参考。.
Keywords: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; Cell transplantation; Mesenchymal stem cells.