Purpose: To characterize the diurnal variations in the dimensions of the Schlemm's canal (SC) and its association with intraocular pressure (IOP) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).
Methods: The temporal, nasal, inferior, and superior limbus of 102 eyes of 51 healthy subjects were imaged in vivo by SS-COT at 5 time points of 8 AM, 11 AM, 2 PM, 5 PM, and 8 PM. IOP was measured at the same time by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). The diameter and the cross-sectional area of the SC were measured in ImageJ. The associations between changes in the SC parameters, IOP, and other biometric parameters were determined using a general estimating equations model. The temporal and inferior limbus of 94 eyes of 47 healthy subjects were also imaged before and during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) at 8 PM.
Results: Mean IOPs at different time points were 13.37, 12.89, 11.9, 12.02, and 12.36 mm Hg. Of all four quadrants, the detectable rate of SC was highest in the superior quadrant (85.3%) and lowest in the inferior quadrant (75.5%). We found that changes in the SC area and diameter were negatively associated with IOP changes only in the inferior quadrant (P = 0.0046 and P = 0.0332, respectively), after adjusting for age, sex, eye, spherical equivalent, and axial length. The mean SC area and diameter during the VM were significantly higher than prior to the VM (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The changes in the SC parameters were negatively associated with IOP changes only in the inferior quadrant. The VM could expand the SC in healthy subjects. Imaging of the SC may be a useful method to discover the reason why IOP fluctuates, and how SC changes morphologically during the daytime in the future.