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. 2016 Sep 14;2(1):27-35.
doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.09.001. eCollection 2017 Jan.

Epidemiological Transition of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Oman

Faisal Al Ismaili  1 , Issa Al Salmi  1 , Yaqoub Al Maimani  1 , Abdul Massiah Metry  1 , Humood Al Marhoobi  1 , Alan Hola  1 , Ronald L Pisoni  2
Affiliations

Epidemiological Transition of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Oman

Faisal Al Ismaili et al. Kidney Int Rep. .

Abstract

Introduction: The number of persons receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) is estimated at more than 2.5 million worldwide, and is growing by 8% annually. Registries in the developing world are not up to standards compared to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Herein we examine the causes, progression, and magnitude of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) over 3 decades in Oman.

Methods: We examined ESKD data from 1983 to 2013. Data from 1998 to 2013 were obtained through an Information Management System. Data before 2008 were collected from patients' files. A questionnaire based on USRDS form 2728 was completed by nephrologists once a citizen reached ESKD.

Results: A total of 4066 forms were completed, with a response rate of 90% (52% male). The mean (SD) age was 50.1 (14.0) years. By 31 December 2013, there were 2386 patients alive on RRT, of whom 1206 were on hemodialysis (50.5%), 1080 were living with a functioning kidney transplant (45.3%), and 100 were receiving peritoneal dialysis (4.2%). The incidence of ESKD on RRT was 21, 75, and 120 per million population in 1983, 2001, and 2013, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of ESKD was 49, 916, and 2386 in 1983, 2001, and 2013 respectively. Among patients with ESKD on RRT, a progressive rise was seen in diabetic nephropathy, with 5.8%, 32.1%, and 46% in 1983, 2001, and 2013 respectively.

Discussion: The incidence and prevalence of ESKD has increased progressively over last 30 years. This is anticipated to continue at an even higher rate in view of the progressive rise in noncommunicable diseases. Continuous improvement in registries is required to improve capturing of ESKD patients for providing accurate data to health authorities, and enhancing public awareness of the magnitude, future trends, treatments, and outcomes regarding ESKD.

Keywords: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD); peritoneal dialysis; renal registry, Oman; renal replacement therapy (RRT); renal transplant.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age distribution of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients over 30 years and in 2013.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) per million population (PMP) over 30 years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Total number of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) over 30 years.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trend of diabetic nephropathy in Oman over a 30-year period.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Etiological classification of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) over a 30-year period, and current etiological classification of ESKD patients on hemodialysis. CGN, chronic glomerulonephritis; DM-N, diabetic nephropathy; HTN–N, hypertensive nephropathy; OTH, others including urological causes, tubulointerstitial and vascular, hereditary, and congenital kidney disease.
Figure S1
Figure S1
ESKD registry form.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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