Role of PI3K in myocardial ischaemic preconditioning: mapping pro-survival cascades at the trigger phase and at reperfusion

J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Feb;22(2):926-935. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13394. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Abstract

The Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway is considered the main pro-survival kinase cascade mediating the ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) cardioprotective effect. To assess the role of PI3K-Akt, its negative regulator PTEN and other pro-survival proteins such as ERK and STAT3 in the context of IPC, C57BL/6 mouse hearts were retrogradely perfused in a Langendorff system and subjected to 4 cycles of 5 min. ischaemia and 5 min. reperfusion prior to 35 min. of global ischaemia and 120 min. of reperfusion. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, was administered either at the stabilization period or during reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed using triphenyl tetrazolium staining, and phosphorylation levels of Akt, PTEN, ERK, GSK3β and STAT3 were evaluated using Western blot analyses. IPC reduced infarct size in hearts subjected to lethal ischaemia and reperfusion, but this effect was lost in the presence of Wortmannin, whether it was present only during preconditioning or only during early reperfusion. IPC increased the levels of Akt phosphorylation during both phases and this effect was fully abrogated by PI3K, whilst its downstream GSK3β was phosphorylated only during the trigger phase after IPC. Both PTEN and STAT3 were phosphorylated during both phases after IPC, but this was PI3K independent. IPC increases ERK phosphorylation during both phases, being only PI3K-dependent during the IPC phase. In conclusion, PI3K-Akt plays a major role in IPC-induced cardioprotection. However, PTEN, ERK and STAT3 are also phosphorylated by IPC through a PI3K-independent pathway, suggesting that cardioprotection is mediated through more than one cell signalling cascade.

Keywords: RISK pathway; SAFE pathway; cardioprotection; ischaemia/reperfusion injury; ischaemic preconditioning.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / metabolism
  • Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial*
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / enzymology*
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / pathology*
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Survival Analysis

Substances

  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase