We report the total syntheses of daphenylline (1), daphnipaxianine A (5), and himalenine D (6), three Daphniphyllum alkaloids from the calyciphylline A subfamily. A pentacyclic triketone was prepared by using atom-transfer radical cyclization and the Lu [3+2] cycloaddition as key steps. Inspired by the proposed biosynthetic relationship between 1 and another calyciphylline A type alkaloid, we developed a ring-expansion/aromatization/aldol cascade to construct the tetrasubstituted benzene moiety of 1. The versatile triketone intermediate was also elaborated into 5 and 6 through a C=C bond migration/aldol cyclization approach.
Keywords: [3+2] cycloaddition; alkaloids; arene synthesis; bioinspired synthesis; cascade reactions.
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