Antibiotic-Induced Changes to the Host Metabolic Environment Inhibit Drug Efficacy and Alter Immune Function

Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Dec 13;22(6):757-765.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.020. Epub 2017 Nov 30.

Abstract

Bactericidal antibiotics alter microbial metabolism as part of their lethality and can damage mitochondria in mammalian cells. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility is sensitive to extracellular metabolites, but it remains unknown whether metabolites present at an infection site can affect either treatment efficacy or immune function. Here, we quantify local metabolic changes in the host microenvironment following antibiotic treatment for a peritoneal Escherichia coli infection. Antibiotic treatment elicits microbiome-independent changes in local metabolites, but not those distal to the infection site, by acting directly on host cells. The metabolites induced during treatment, such as AMP, reduce antibiotic efficacy and enhance phagocytic killing. Moreover, antibiotic treatment impairs immune function by inhibiting respiratory activity in immune cells. Collectively, these results highlight the immunomodulatory potential of antibiotics and reveal the local metabolic microenvironment to be an important determinant of infection resolution.

Keywords: LC-MS/MS; antibiotic; germ-free; immunomodulation; metabolic environment; metabolomics; phagocytosis; respiration; systems biology.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Escherichia coli Infections / drug therapy*
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Immunologic Factors / administration & dosage*
  • Metabolome / drug effects*
  • Metabolomics
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Microbial Viability / drug effects
  • Mitochondria / drug effects*
  • Peritonitis / drug therapy*
  • Peritonitis / microbiology
  • Phagocytosis

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Immunologic Factors