Autophagy induced during apoptosis degrades mitochondria and inhibits type I interferon secretion

Cell Death Differ. 2018 Mar;25(4):784-796. doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0017-z. Epub 2017 Dec 11.

Abstract

Cells undergoing Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis exhibit signs of autophagy, but how it is activated and its significance is unknown. By directly activating Bax/Bak with BH3-only proteins or BH3 mimetic compounds, we demonstrate that mitochondrial damage correlated with a rapid increase in intracellular [AMP]/[ATP], phosphorylation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and activation of unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1). Consequently, autophagic flux was triggered early in the apoptotic pathway, as activation of the apoptosome and caspases were not necessary for its induction. Bax/Bak-triggered autophagy resulted in the clearance of damaged mitochondria in an ATG5/7-dependent manner that did not require Parkin. Importantly, Bax/Bak-mediated autophagy inhibited the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β) produced in response to mitochondrial damage, but not another cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). These findings show that Bax/Bak stimulated autophagy is essential for ensuring immunological silence during apoptosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / genetics
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism*
  • Apoptosis*
  • Autophagy*
  • Interferon Type I / genetics
  • Interferon Type I / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mitochondria / metabolism*
  • Mitochondria / pathology

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • Interferon Type I
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinases