Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is considered one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for the repair of brain injuries and plays an important role in various links of nerve repair. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes may dominate the repair of brain injuries and help to promote angiogenesis, regulate immunity, inhibit apoptosis, and repair the nerves, and therefore, they have a great potential in the treatment of brain injuries in neonates. With reference to these studies, this article reviews the mechanism of action of exosomes in the repair of brain injuries and related prospects and challenges, in order to provide new directions for the treatment of brain injuries in neonates with stem cells.
间充质干细胞（MSC）移植被认为是脑损伤修复最具潜力的治疗策略之一，其在神经修复的各个环节发挥着重要作用。最新研究表明MSC分泌的外泌体可能主导了脑损伤的修复，发挥促血管增生、免疫调节、抗凋亡及神经修复作用，其在新生儿脑损伤的治疗中具有较大潜力。该文根据当前的研究，就外泌体在脑损伤修复中的作用机制和应用前景及挑战作一概述，以期为干细胞治疗新生儿脑损伤提供新导向。