Estrogen Receptor α Signaling Exacerbates Immune-Mediated Nephropathies through Alteration of Metabolic Activity

J Immunol. 2018 Jan 15;200(2):512-522. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700770. Epub 2017 Dec 13.

Abstract

Glomerulonephritis is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Because SLE is ≥10 times more common in women, a role for estrogens in disease pathogenesis has long been suspected. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is highly expressed in renal tissue. We asked whether ERα expression contributes to the development of immune-mediated nephropathies like in lupus nephritis. We tested the overall effects of estrogen receptors on the immune response by immunization with OVA and induction of chronic graft-versus-host disease in female ERα-knockout mice. We used nephrotoxic serum nephritis as a model of immune-mediated nephropathy. We investigated the influence of ERα on molecular pathways during nephritis by microarray analysis of glomerular extract gene expression. We performed RNA sequencing of lupus patient whole blood to determine common pathways in murine and human nephritis. Absence of ERα protects female mice from developing nephritis, despite the presence of immune complexes and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the kidneys and normal humoral responses to immunization. Time-course microarray analysis of glomeruli during nephrotoxic serum nephritis revealed significant upregulation of genes related to PPAR-mediated lipid metabolism and downregulation of genes in the retinol metabolism in wild-type females compared with ERα-knockout females. Similarly, RNA sequencing of lupus patient blood revealed similar expression patterns of these same pathways. During nephritis, the altered activity of metabolic pathways, such as retinol metabolism, occurs downstream of ERα activation and is essential for the progression to end-stage renal failure.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen-Antibody Complex / immunology
  • Antigen-Antibody Complex / metabolism
  • Autoantibodies / immunology
  • Computational Biology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Disease Progression
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Energy Metabolism*
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / genetics
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Regulatory Networks
  • Glomerulonephritis / immunology*
  • Glomerulonephritis / metabolism*
  • Glomerulonephritis / pathology
  • Graft vs Host Disease / immunology
  • Graft vs Host Disease / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / complications
  • Lupus Nephritis / immunology
  • Lupus Nephritis / metabolism
  • Lupus Nephritis / pathology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Sex Factors
  • Signal Transduction*

Substances

  • Antigen-Antibody Complex
  • Autoantibodies
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha