Effect of the Administration of Solanum nigrum Fruit on Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Fariba Azarkish; Kobra Hashemi; Ardashir Talebi; Mohammad Kamalinejad; Nepton Soltani; Nima Pouladian

doi:10.4103/pr.pr_47_17

Effect of the Administration of Solanum nigrum Fruit on Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Pharmacognosy Res. 2017 Oct-Dec;9(4):325-332. doi: 10.4103/pr.pr_47_17.

Authors

Fariba Azarkish¹, Kobra Hashemi¹, Ardashir Talebi², Mohammad Kamalinejad³, Nepton Soltani⁴, Nima Pouladian⁵

Affiliations

¹ Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
² Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Bahashti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
⁵ English language Department, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Our previous study showed antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum Linn fruit (SNE).

Objective: This study was designed to explore the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of SNE in diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: Animals were divided into nine groups to undergo two experiment protocols: Two groups served as nondiabetic controls (NDCs), while the other groups had diabetes induced with a single injection of streptozotocin. SNE-treated diabetic (D-SNE) and SNE-treated controls (NDC-SNE) received 1 g/L of SNE added to the drinking water and insulin-treated diabetic (D-I) for 8 weeks. Furthermore, there were four groups (D-SNE, NDC-SNE, D-I, D) in the second protocol to examine diabetic nephropathy (DN) for 16 weeks. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) magnesium, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Both kidneys were isolated to measure MDA, NO levels, and renal damage.

Results: SNE could decrease blood glucose level in diabetic rats. In addition, SNE was more effective than insulin in controlling blood glucose. SNE could decrease BUN, Cr levels, and kidney weight and damage after 8 and 16 weeks of administration. Plasma and kidney levels of NO and MDA also decreased.

Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that SNE could play a role in the management of diabetes and the prevention of DN.

Summary: The aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum Linn fruit (SNE) (1 g/L via drinking water) was studied on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN). The results suggest that SNE in addition to the management of diabetes could have a beneficial effect on the prevention of DN. Abbreviations Used: SNE: Extract of Solanum nigrum Linn fruit, NDCs: Nondiabetic controls, STZ: Streptozotocin, D-SNE: SNE-treated diabetic, NDC-SNE: SNE-treated controls, D-I: Insulin-treated diabetic, BUN: Blood urea nitrogen, Cr: Creatinine, Mg: Magnesium, NO: Nitric oxide, MDA: Malondialdehyde, DN: Diabetic nephropathy, BW: Body weight, FBG: Fed blood glucose, KW: Kidney weight, TBA: Thiobarbituric acid, IPGTT: Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, AUC: Aria under the curve, GFR: Glomerular filtration rate.

Keywords: Blood glucose; Solanum nigrum fruit; blood urea nitrogen; creatinine; diabetic nephropathy; malondialdehyde.