A sample of 120 children (69 boys and 51 girls), ranging in age from 9 to 14 yr., was administered the Harter Self-perception Profile for Children before and after a 5-wk. program of swimming instruction. It is predicted that children who improve most in swimming will also have the largest gains in athletic self-concept. The data supported the prediction for an association between gains in swimming skill and self-concept for certain skill groups.