Magnesium regulation of the glycolytic pathway and the enzymes involved

Magnesium. 1985;4(2-3):60-72.

Abstract

Past work, including our computer simulation of cardiac energy metabolism, indicates that magnesium is an important coherent controller of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Many of the glycolytic enzymes are sensitive to Mg2+. The most important effect is due to MgATP2-being a cofactor for a number of these enzymes while other chelation forms are inactive or inhibitory. The means by which Mg2+ and Mg2+ chelates of adenine nucleotides regulate the most important glycolytic enzymes--hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase--are described in detail. Creatine kinase, which is important in energy metabolism and highly sensitive to both metal ions and pH, is also discussed. It is necessary to properly control the composition of assay mixtures (particularly with regard to metal ions) in order to determine what actually regulates the activity of an enzyme.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Diphosphate / pharmacology
  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Adenosine Triphosphate / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Cell Membrane / enzymology
  • Chemical Phenomena
  • Chemistry
  • Creatine Kinase / metabolism
  • Cytosol / enzymology
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / metabolism
  • Glycolysis* / drug effects
  • Hexokinase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Hexokinase / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Magnesium / pharmacology
  • Magnesium / physiology*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Muscles / enzymology
  • Phosphofructokinase-1 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Phosphofructokinase-1 / metabolism
  • Phosphoglycerate Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Phosphoglycerate Kinase / metabolism
  • Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / metabolism
  • Pyruvate Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Pyruvate Kinase / metabolism
  • Tissue Distribution

Substances

  • Adenosine Diphosphate
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Hexokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase-1
  • Pyruvate Kinase
  • Phosphoglycerate Kinase
  • Creatine Kinase
  • Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase
  • Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
  • Magnesium