Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations: Transitional Care Nurses and Hospital Use

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the effect of an emergency department (ED)-based transitional care nurse (TCN) on hospital use.

Design: Prospective observational cohort.

Setting: Three U.S. (NY, IL, NJ) EDs from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2015.

Participants: Individuals aged 65 and older in the ED (N = 57,287).

Intervention: The intervention was first TCN contact. Controls never saw a TCN during the study period.

Measurements: We examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with TCN use and outcomes. The primary outcome was inpatient admission during the index ED visit (admission on Day 0). Secondary outcomes included cumulative 30-day admission (any admission on Days 0-30) and 72-hour ED revisits.

Results: A TCN saw 5,930 (10%) individuals, 42% of whom were admitted. After accounting for observed selection bias using entropy balance, results showed that when compared to controls, TCN contact was associated with lower risk of admission (site 1: -9.9% risk of inpatient admission, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -12.3% to -7.5%; site 2: -16.5%, 95% CI = -18.7% to -14.2%; site 3: -4.7%, 95% CI = -7.5% to -2.0%). Participants with TCN contact had greater risk of a 72-hour ED revisit at two sites (site 1: 1.5%, 95% CI = 0.7-2.3%; site 2: 1.4%, 95% CI = 0.7-2.1%). Risk of any admission within 30 days of the index ED visit also remained lower for TCN patients at both these sites (site 1: -7.8%, 95% CI = -10.3% to -5.3%; site 2: -13.8%, 95% CI = -16.1% to -11.6%).

Conclusion: Targeted evaluation by geriatric ED transitions of care staff may be an effective delivery innovation to reduce risk of inpatient admission.

Keywords: admission; emergency department; transitions of care.

Figure 1.

Entropy balancing resulted in improved covariate balance (smaller absolute value of standardized difference) across treatment and comparison groups for each site