Rapid identification of regulated organic chemical compounds in toys using ambient ionization and a miniature mass spectrometry system

Talanta. 2018 Apr 1:180:182-192. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.050. Epub 2017 Dec 15.

Abstract

Rapid, on-site analysis was achieved through significantly simplified operation procedures for a wide variety of toy samples (crayon, temporary tattoo sticker, finger paint, modeling clay, and bubble solution) using a miniature mass spectrometry system with ambient ionization capability. The labor-intensive analytical protocols involving sample workup and chemical separation, traditionally required for MS-based analysis, were replaced by direct sampling analysis using ambient ionization methods. A Mini β ion trap miniature mass spectrometer was coupled with versatile ambient ionization methods, e.g. paper spray, extraction spray and slug-flow microextraction nanoESI for direct identification of prohibited colorants, carcinogenic primary aromatic amines, allergenic fragrances, preservatives and plasticizers from raw toy samples. The use of paper substrates coated with Co3O4 nanoparticles allowed a great increase in sensitivity for paper spray. Limits of detection as low as 5μgkg-1 were obtained for target analytes. The methods being developed based on the integration of ambient ionization with miniature mass spectrometer represent alternatives to current in-lab MS analysis operation, and would enable fast, outside-the-lab screening of toy products to ensure children's safety and health.

Keywords: Ambient ionization; Extraction spray; Miniature mass spectrometer; Paper spray; Slug-flow microextraction; Toys.

MeSH terms

  • Amines / analysis
  • Child
  • Cobalt / chemistry
  • Coloring Agents / analysis
  • Humans
  • Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Nanoparticles / ultrastructure
  • Odorants / analysis
  • Organic Chemicals / analysis*
  • Oxides / chemistry
  • Paper
  • Plasticizers / analysis
  • Play and Playthings*
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / economics
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / instrumentation*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Amines
  • Coloring Agents
  • Organic Chemicals
  • Oxides
  • Plasticizers
  • Cobalt
  • cobalt oxide