Aim: To screen primary immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study. Eighteen children with IBD were investigated. We analyzed their expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) in lymphocytes and superoxide generation in phagocytes using flow cytometry. When the expression of WASP or superoxide generation was low or absent, we performed genetic analysis to determine the cause of this.
Results: Eighteen patients were classified as having ulcerative colitis (n = 10), Crohn's disease (n = 5), or IBD-unclassified (n = 3). In total, three patients revealed low expression of WASP associated with a WAS gene c.1378 C>T p.Pro460Ser mutation, which has previously been reported as a pathogenic mutation in WAS and X-linked thrombocytopenia. However, with respect to the major symptoms of WAS, none of these three patients showed either thrombocytopenia or increased susceptibility to infection, but one patient showed generalized eczema. No CGD patients were discovered in this study.
Conclusion: Despite the lack of typical clinical manifestations of WAS, low expression of WASP could be associated with the pathogenesis of a subtype of IBD patients.
Keywords: Children; Inflammatory bowel disease; Primary immunodeficiency; Screening; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.