Background: The safety and feasibility of the OmniPod personalized model predictive control (MPC) algorithm in adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes were investigated.
Methods: This multicenter, observational trial included a 1-week outpatient sensor-augmented pump open-loop phase and a 36-h inpatient hybrid closed-loop (HCL) phase with announced meals ranging from 30 to 90 g of carbohydrates and limited physical activity. Patients aged 6-65 years with HbA1c between 6.0% and 10.0% were eligible. The investigational system included a modified version of OmniPod, the Dexcom G4 505 Share® AP System, and the personalized MPC algorithm running on a tablet computer. Primary endpoints included sensor glucose percentage of time in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL and hyperglycemia >250 mg/dL. Additional glycemic targets were assessed.
Results: The percentage of time <70 mg/dL during the 36-h HCL phase was mean (standard deviation): 0.7 (1.7) in adults receiving 80% meal bolus (n = 24), and 0.7 (1.2) in adults (n = 10), 2.0 (2.4) in adolescents (n = 12), and 2.0 (2.6) in pediatrics (n = 12) receiving 100% meal bolus. The overall hypoglycemia rate was 0.49 events/24 h. The percentage of time >250 mg/dL was 8.0 (7.5), 3.6 (3.7), 4.9 (6.3), and 6.7 (5.6) in the study groups, respectively. Percentage of time in the target range of 70-180 mg/dL was 69.5 (14.4), 73.0 (15.0), 72.6 (15.5), and 70.1 (12.3), respectively.
Conclusions: The OmniPod personalized MPC algorithm performed well and was safe during day and night use in adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Longer term studies will assess the safety and performance of the algorithm under free living conditions with extended use.
Keywords: Artificial pancreas; Automated insulin delivery; Closed loop; Hybrid closed loop; OmniPod; Tubeless insulin pump.