CRISPR/Cas9 in Leishmania mexicana: A case study of LmxBTN1

PLoS One. 2018 Feb 13;13(2):e0192723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192723. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Leishmania parasites cause human cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Several studies proposed involvement of certain genes in infectivity of these parasites based on differential mRNA expression data. Due to unusual gene expression mechanism, functions of such genes must be further validated experimentally. Here, we investigated a role of one of the putative virulence factors, LmxM.22.0010-encoded BTN1 (a protein involved in Batten disease in humans), in L. mexicana infectivity. Due to the incredible plasticity of the L. mexicana genome, we failed to obtain a complete knock-out of LmxM.22.0010 using conventional recombination-based approach even after ablating four alleles of this gene. To overcome this, we established a modified CRISPR-Cas9 system with genomic expression of Cas9 nuclease and gRNA. Application of this system allowed us to establish a complete BTN1 KO strain of L. mexicana. The mutant strain did not show any difference in growth kinetics and differentiation in vitro, as well as in the infectivity for insect vectors and mice hosts. Based on the whole-transcriptome profiling, LmxM.22.0010-encoded BTN1 was considered a putative factor of virulence in Leishmania. Our study suggests that ablation of LmxM.22.0010 does not influence L. mexicana infectivity and further illustrates importance of experimental validation of in silico-predicted virulence factors. Here we also describe the whole genome sequencing of the widely used model isolate L. mexicana M379 and report a modified CRISPR/Cas9 system suitable for complete KO of multi-copy genes in organisms with flexible genomes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Knockout Techniques / methods
  • Genes, Protozoan*
  • Humans
  • Insect Vectors / parasitology
  • Leishmania mexicana / genetics*
  • Leishmania mexicana / pathogenicity*
  • Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / parasitology
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Psychodidae / parasitology
  • Virulence / genetics

Grants and funding

Support from the Czech Grant Agency (www.gacr.cz) awards 17-10656S to VY and JV, 16-18699S to JL and VY; ERC CZ (www.msmt.cz) grant LL1601 to JL, Charles University Research Center UNCE (https://www.cuni.cz) project 204072 to JH, KM, JV, PV and the COST action (www.cost.eu) CM1307 to JL is kindly acknowledged. This work was also financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (www.msmt.cz) in the “National Feasibility Program I”, project LO1208 “TEWEP” and University of Ostrava (www.osu.cz) SGS/PrF/2018. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.