Can implicit measures detect source information in crime-related amnesia?

Memory. 2018 Sep;26(8):1019-1029. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1441421. Epub 2018 Feb 18.

Abstract

Participants who are asked to simulate amnesia for a mock crime have a weaker memory for this event when they have to give up their role as a feigner, than those who are not asked to feign memory loss. According to the source monitoring framework (SMF), this memory-undermining effect of simulating amnesia for a crime would be due to misattribution of the right source of information. However, we know that the content of self-generated information (e.g., feigned version of the crime) might be preserved and recognised over time as a result of elaborative cognitive processing. In the present study, we aimed to contrast these two explanations. We showed participants a mock crime video and we instructed them to either feign amnesia (simulators) or confess the mock crime (confessors). Next, a free recall memory test was administered. After one week, participants were asked to perform a personalised source monitoring task using the autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT). As predicted, we found that simulators were able to discriminate the content of their self-generated feigned story of the crime from the original version. Moreover, simulators were quicker than confessors at the aIAT task. Practical and theoretical implications of our results are discussed.

Keywords: autobiographical implicit association test; crime-related amnesia; implicit memory; simulating amnesia; source monitoring.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Amnesia / psychology*
  • Automatism / psychology
  • Crime / psychology*
  • Female
  • Forensic Psychiatry / methods*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Malingering / psychology
  • Memory, Episodic*
  • Thinking
  • Young Adult