The promising activity of phenylthiazoles against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, in particular MRSA, has been hampered by their limited systemic applicability, due to their rapid metabolism by hepatic microsomal enzymes, resulting in short half-lives. Here, we investigated a series of phenylthiazoles with alkynyl side-chains that were synthesized with the objective of improving stability to hepatic metabolism, extending the utility of phenylthiazoles from topical applications to treatment of a more invasive, systemic MRSA infections. The most promising compounds inhibited the growth of clinically-relevant isolates of MRSA in vitro at concentrations as low as 0.5 μg/mL, and exerted their antibacterial effect by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis via inhibition of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase and undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase. We also identified two phenylthiazoles that successfully eradicated MRSA inside infected macrophages. In vivo PK analysis of compound 9 revealed promising stability to hepatic metabolism with a biological half-life of ∼4.5 h. In mice, compound 9 demonstrated comparable potency to vancomycin, and at a lower dose (20 mg/kg versus 50 mg/kg), in reducing the burden of MRSA in a systemic, deep-tissue infection, using the neutropenic mouse thigh-infection model. Compound 9 thus represents a new phenylthiazole lead for the treatment of MRSA infections that warrants further development.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; C. elegans; MRSA; Multi-drug resistance; VRSA.
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