Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Classification based upon phenotype is essential for diagnosis and treatment

Andrew Xanthopoulos; Filippos Triposkiadis; Randall C Starling

doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2018.01.001

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Classification based upon phenotype is essential for diagnosis and treatment

Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018 Aug;28(6):392-400. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Authors

Andrew Xanthopoulos¹, Filippos Triposkiadis², Randall C Starling³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
² Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
³ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: starlir@ccf.org.

PMID: 29471985
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.01.001

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is classified based upon the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous disorder with increasing prevalence in the elderly that remains incompletely understood and inadequately treated as no therapy has shown favorable effects. In this review, we summarize the current theories regarding HFpEF pathogenesis, propose a phenotype-based classification of HFpEF, discuss prevention strategies, explain why clinical trials on HFpEF treatment have failed, and make suggestions for the future.

Keywords: Classification; Heart failure; Phenotypes; Preserved ejection fraction.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Comorbidity
Heart Failure / classification*
Heart Failure / diagnosis
Heart Failure / physiopathology*
Heart Failure / therapy
Humans
Phenotype
Prognosis
Risk Factors
Stroke Volume*
Terminology as Topic*
Ventricular Function, Left*